IndexThe Emergence of the Educational System of Ancient GreeceThe Original AcademyWorks CitedPlato, whose original name was Aristocles, was born into one of the best-known aristocratic families of Athens. His father's name was Ariston and his mother's name was Perictione. His aristocratic family and historical period had many impacts on Plato's view of life. He too was born in the illustrious city and lived in the golden age of Athens. In this era, Athens had better architecture, theater, art, and a fluorescence of Athenian cultural, intellectual, and political life. Before Plato's birth, Athens and Sparta decided to join their forces and those of their allies in the Peloponnesian War. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay This war continued for so long and was not over until Plato entered his twenty-third year. Thus, Plato grew up in these formative years. He observed numerous cases of cruelty, betrayal, and deceit as some unscrupulous Greeks attempted to make the best of things for themselves at the expense of other people (presumably their friends) and in clear violation of the values ​​Plato held sacred. After the end of the war, after losing the Peloponnesian War to Sparta, a small group of people who were in control and settled in Athens in place of the former democracy, Plate can choose to join their power, but it refuse. Those in power, who later became known as the “Thirty Tyrants,” soon revealed themselves to be ruthless rulers. Like Plato, Socrates also rejected it. After some time the old democracy was restored, but after the restoration Socrates was tried, sentenced to death and executed. This was the straw that broke the camel's back for Plato. He understands the importance of political power but was convinced that he must stay away from the system, instead dedicating himself to the development of learning and education that every wise person up to the philosopher becomes ruler. It is true to call Plato the father of Western philosophy. He had knowledge of ethics, politics, epistemology, language, aesthetics, mathematics, metaphysics, religion and more. “Plato seemed more popular than Pythagoras, and more venerated than Socrates, because he stands between them, softening the greater severity of the one in philanthropy, and elevating the derision and playfulness of the other, from irony to dignity and reputation ; and this he did especially by mixing Pythagoras and Socrates. ( E. Moore, (2007), Plato, p. 10)Plato's education began as a typical youth education in Athens. In the Republic Plato describes the normal education of a Greek boy, which he also received: learning to read and write and studying the poets. The begging of education in Athens around 640-550 BC Solon's edict that every boy must read and swim in schools, gymnasiums and gymnastics schools. Normally Athenian citizens know how to read and write, count, sing or play the lyre. Schools in Athens were not a creation of the state but a private enterprise with the teacher supported by the payment of school fees. In Athens not everyone needed to go to school, nor was it open to everyone, but only to the male children of the citizens. Athenian boys attended a series of public schools between the ages of eight and sixteen. Education in Athens was well-rounded, people capable in politics freely educated, military knowledge and general social life and could take part in direct participatory democracy. The purpose of education for Athenian women was more on a training level, they were trained in more domestic tasks. They were educated only at home. There were only a few schools inthis era. Sappho of Lesbos was one of the schools that operated and imparted education in singing, music, dance and sports. Plato's philosophy of education was particularly strong because people thought that education was an art to be learned. The important idea about him is that he was the first to suggest an equal education system for men and women. In fact, this idea is influenced by the education system in southern Greece in Sparta. The emergence of the educational system of ancient Greece The emergence of the educational system of ancient Greek society and information on the education of children can be obtained with the help of archaeological data, ancient writers and vase paintings (Jenkins 1993, p .11-16). Education was not institutionalized until the Hellenistic period in ancient Greek society. But families who want their children to be valued citizens in society send their children to a private educational institution that includes reading, writing and sports training. In Greek society, attention was given to the male child to receive an education. Girls' education and achievement of important status in society are relatively rare. Free-born boys into Greek society could continue their education based on financial family income. The children were trained by "paidagogos" whose slaves are responsible for the child at home in preschool and with this the slaves start school and go to school (Jenkins, 1993, p.11-12). The school of the classical Greek period has not yet become an official institution and families are not obliged to send their children to attend schools. However, due to social pressure, all wealthy families worry about their children's education because they want their children to be elite citizens. The goal was therefore for their children to gain privileges in society. Ancient Greek educational institutions show a similar structure across all Greek city-states (polis). Children are generally defined as acquiring the ability to read and write and to express orally what they have learned in elementary school. Children's education in the fine arts is primarily musical. In addition to these courses, the physical activity of children which takes place in "gym" training (fitness, training) is identified. In the first school, he “dramatizes” those who teach literacy and “kitharistes” (music teachers) that while the same person, but the physical education/gymnasium training had been given by another teacher is “paidotribes” (teachers of physical education) (Jenkins, 1993, s.15-16; Blanck, 1999, s.165-166 Griffith, 2001, s.66-67). In the later stages of education, the boy may attend university like Plato's “academic”; who lectured by philosophers and rhetoricians, is usually the son of aristocratic families. At the same time, the sons learned their father's career and also developed in professional direction (Blanck, 1999, s.165-166; Bitros – Karayiannis, 2009, s.1-29). The Academy, although based on a school of philosophy, was an institution that not only taught philosophy but mathematics, geometry and astronomy in a given school. In terms of the process of the “academy” education system, it is recognized as the foundation of today's university. The original Academy Located near Akademeia: before the Academy was a school and even before Cimon enclosed its precincts with a wall (Plutarch Life of Cimon xiii:7), it contained a sacred grove of olive trees, watered by the Cephisus, approximately six stadiums outside the city walls of ancient Athens (Thucydides ii:34). The ancient name of the site was Hekademeia, which in classical times had evolved into Akademeia and was explained, at least by the beginning of the 6th century BC,linking him to an Athenian hero, a legendary "Akademos". of the academy was sacred to Athena and other immortals. Since the Bronze Age it hosted a religious cult, perhaps associated with the hero-gods Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux); the hero Akademos associated with the site is credited with revealing to the Divine Twins where Theseus had hidden Helen. Out of respect for its association with the Dioscuri, the Spartans did not want to devastate these original “groves of the Academy” when they invaded Attica (Plutarch, Life of Theseus xxxii), a pity not shared by the Roman Sulla, who cut down the sacred olive trees in '86 BC to build siege engines. Among the religious observations that took place at the Akademeia was a nightly torchlight race from the altars within the city to the altar of the Promemeikos in the Akademeia. Funeral games and a Dionysian procession from Athens to the Ekademeia and then back to the polis also took place in the area (Paus. i. 29.2, 30.2; Plut. Vit. Sol. i. 7). The road to the Akademeia was lined with the tombstones of the Athenians. The olive trees of the Akademeia, according to Athenian fables, were grown from layers taken from the sacred olive tree of the Erechtheion, and from them came the oil that was given as a prize to the victors during the Panathenaic festivals. Plato's Academy Within the enclosure of the Akademeia, Plato owned a small garden in which he founded a school for those who wished to listen to his teachings. The name Academy is often used in philosophical writings to refer to Plato's followers. Plato's Academy is usually contrasted with Aristotle's creation, the Lyceum. Famous philosophers charged with running the Academy included Arcesilaus, Speusippus, Xenocrates, and Proclus. Sextus Empiricus described five divisions of Plato's followers. Plato was the founder of the first Academy, Arcesilaus of the second, Carneades of the third, Philo and Charmides of the fourth, Antiochus of the fifth. Cicero recognized only two Academies, the Old, starting with Democritus, and the New, starting with Arcesilaus. He listed the founders of the Ancient Academy, in order, as Democritus, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Parmenides, Xenophanes, Socrates, Plato, Speusippus, Xenocrates, Polemon, Crates, and Crantor. In the New, or "Young", he included Arcesilaus, Lacis, Evander, Hegesinus, Carneades, Clitomachus, and Philo (Acad. Quaest. iv. 5). According to Diogenes, the Ancient Academy was composed of those who taught the doctrine of Plato without corruption; the Middle of those who brought some innovations to the Platonic system; and the New began with those who abandoned the more questionable propositions of Arcesilaus and restored the decadent reputation of the Platonic school. Starting from Carneades, the New Academy was largely skeptical, denying the possibility of arriving at absolute truth or a defined criterion of truth. During this period philosophy was increasingly becoming a vehicle for dialectics and rhetoric rather than a serious search for truth. The renewed Neoplatonic Academy of Late Antiquity, after a gap during the first Roman occupation, the academy was restored (Cameron 1965) as a new institution by some eminent Platonists of late antiquity who called themselves "successors" (diadochoi, but of Plato) and presented constitute an unbroken tradition dating back to Plato. However, there can have been no geographic, institutional, economic, or personal continuity with the original academy in the new organizational entity (Bechtle). Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get Custom EssayThe last "Greek" philosophers of the academy revived in the 6th century came from various parts of the Hellenistic cultural world and suggest the broad syncretism of the common culture (see koine): five of the seven philosophers of the academy, 78(5), 273-291.