Comparison between Tolstoy and Heidegger on the theme of death Prominent supporters of post-humanism argue that an extreme increase in human lifespan would be intrinsically positive. The issue of extending lifespan has become more debatable since the fields of medicine and science work hand in hand to ensure that the lifespan of human beings is extended. Martin Heidegger's work on death and freedom can be used to develop a likely counter to the claim that an indefinite lifespan is fundamentally desirable. Tolstoy's philosophical work on the Death of Ivan Ilych is also used to show his acceptance of death. Various comparisons are drawn between the two philosophical writers on the theme of mourning in the novella. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The novel became Tolstoy's first major fictional work, having been written in 1886. Tolstoy published the book after his crisis and conversion to serve as foundational to understanding the novel. The moral principles that emerge in the book are those of brotherly love, mutual support and the values ​​of Christianity. The same values ​​became essential in the second half of his life. His past experiences and suffering contributed to his attitude towards death. There is conflict over the phrase Tolstoy uses in the novel. “You die” is used by Tolstoy in his novel to bring out his idea on the theme of death. Heideggger, on the other hand, states that the phrase is used to mean rupture and collapse in The Death of Ivan Ilyich. According to Heidegger the phrase is associated only with an approach to death, which he obviously doesn't like. His argument is based on the claim that the phrase used by Tolstoy can easily be disapproved on the basis of reservations. The expression used in the novel could be interpreted in many different ways to indicate different ideas. For example, the phrase can be used to convey the message that someone is dying. Someone who is dying is in their final stages of illness. For example, someone who is in the last stage of pneumonia may be said to be dying (Guignon et al. 2001, P.231). Technically, Heidegger describes the phrase used by Tolstoy as expressing an attitude regarding the existence of human beings. Heidegger's position on the phrase implies that he disapproves of the descriptions that people use in everyday life. These are the descriptions used by Tolstoy to refer to death in his novel. Apparently Heidegger assumes that the phrase is used carelessly by people. For example, while they shrug their shoulders to show a negative attitude. Heidegger's position also states that someone might say "people die", looking away from the camera as a sign of a negative attitude towards life. However, Tolstoy accepted the fact that life has different phases due to his history. At some point in his life, he experiences suffering and finally faces death after nearly a decade of suffering. He understands the conviction of sin as a philosophical writer and the path towards which suffering can lead the human being (Guignon et al. 2001, P. 250). We look for some certainty on the topic of death, based on the nuances of what Heidegger states and the nuances of Tolstoy's narrative attitude. Tolstoy states that the determinants of everyday attitude depend on issues such as personality and functions. Despite Heidegger's argument on the topic of death, he fails tocite several passages to convince readers of his position. His philosophy, therefore, fails to confirm any reader's degree of certainty on the very question of defining the phrase “people die.” In Tolstoy's novel, the news of Ivan's death triggers different types of reactions. His colleagues begin to think about who will fill his position and how they will take care of their concerns and careers. The novel portrays Ivan's death as an event that will be followed by a series of activities. It is believed that some events are coincidentally influenced by the fact that Ivan is dead. One imagines that the first thought when the news of his death arrived was of promotions and other changes that might be necessary after his death (Tolstoy, 1960, p. 77). The deceased's colleagues even confess that they were promised promotions if the position remained vacant. Fyodor Vassilievich, for example, thinks that he is sure to take Štabel's place, since he was "promised the same some time ago". The promotion would mean a salary increase of up to eight hundred rubles a year plus allowances. Other employees thought about relocating their relatives from distant areas due to Ivan's death. There are mixed feelings that were triggered by the news of Ivan's death at his previous place of work (Tolstoy, 1960, p. 111). Their reactions are a demonstration of the fear of death, although in this case it is expressed as happiness. The pang of fear of death soon gives way to the worry of attending the funeral of the deceased, after which possible transfers and promotions will be evaluated. The different emotions of those still alive being favored and Ivan dying are commonplace. "Well, he's dead but I'm alive!" others felt. Friends of the deceased also have a responsibility to attend the funeral to fulfill their decorum needs. They attend the funeral and offer condolences to the widow. From the set of events that take place after Ivan's death in the novel, Tolstoy managed to bring out his philosophical idea that the community has accepted his death and is concerned that every member of the community must die after some time . time. Acceptance of death is indicated when a colleague of the deceased thinks about how he was promised a promotion long ago. Perhaps Ivan's death was predicted by some (Tolstoy, 1960, p. 112). In contrast, Heidegger comments on activities performed after death as unimportant. He explains that most people seem worried, but Ivan's death in the novel creates a lot of disturbance in society. The comment Heidegger made about Ivan's death implies that a person dying is simply annoying and inconsiderate. Many activities must be undertaken as a demonstration of commitment to the legacy left by the person when he or she was alive. For example, friends must attend the funeral and show their last respect to Ivan (Guignon et al. 2001, P. 224). The fact that death is a nuisance to society is again corrected by Tolstoy in his novel as he describes the reaction of Ivan Ilyich's daughter. The daughter and the deceased boyfriend are really offended and angry, showing their great concern for the deceased person. Before Ivan's death, his attitude towards death was just like the attitude of those around him. He behaved in a similar way to how his friends and relatives reacted to his death (Tolstoy, 1960, P 112). In comparison to Tolstoy's philosophy on death, Heidegger will develop his description of the phenomenon by connecting it to the attitudes of other people. Heidegger describes the attitude of others intowards a dying man by explaining that one's being towards death is his alone and cannot be related to anyone else. The summary of Tolstoy's work draws a similar conclusion to Heidegger's as Tolstoy also recognizes that death is only for an individual, although the impact is felt by those around him who have accepted death as a natural phenomenon. world, there is a common attitude towards death as people are worried about losing their loved ones. The same attitude is bad news for both Heidegger and Tolstoy. In his story about the death, Tolstoy says no words of disapproval regarding the way Ivan's colleagues react to his death. Tolstoy limits himself to underlining the different reactions but does not take sides to give space to the characters in the short story about death. Tolstoy's attitude regarding the reactions after Ivan's death is apparently one that avoids inconsistencies. Heidegger participates in philosophical works but Tolstoy's novel does not help him much in the creation of his work of art. Heidegger believes that appropriate behavior is building on a structure that supports beliefs and attitudes but not on pieces of other people's philosophical works. Heidegger describes “Alltaglichkeit” as disapproval in relation to the understanding of human beings which commonly derives from common beliefs and attitudes (Guignon et al. 2001, P.237). In his writings, Tolstoy does not allow himself to be entangled in the paradoxes that torment Heidegger. It seems that Tolstoy is preaching instead of philosophizing. His novel seems to try to find converts ready to change their death and accept the phenomenon of death. The author's belief states that evils can be corrected by love of neighbor. The challenge of isolating the dying in the experience of death is different from the approval of humans who still cannot understand the dying (Tolstoy, 1960, p. 143). According to Heidegger, there are still questions that need to be resolved in making philosophical statements. The common attitude is developed by people who have accepted the specific philosophical description of the common attitudes. In several passages, Heidegger argues that normal conceptual thinking cannot put an end to the possibility of death in the world. Technically, Heidegger's statement is intended to avoid a different universalizing paradox. Interestingly, Heidegger is not immune to the rejection of logical thinking even when he makes statements to defend his position on the question of death (Guignon et al. 200, P.247). Some aspects of Tolstoy's novel are not covered in the note written by Heidegger or in the analysis to which the note is attached. Tolstoy noted that Ivan has a kind of revelation when he understands his loneliness related to death. The “revelation” used in the novella largely alleviates the agony of death and isolation. In his note, Heidegger does not consider the thought from the point of view that Tolstoy had a revelation of his death; hence, his acceptance of death as it is. Once again, another revelation is noted in Tolstoy's philosophical work when Ivan touches his son's head before his death. The action is considered religious in nature as he strives to be closer to his people by bringing them happiness. The revelation contained in the book makes death appear as a family affair and not an individual one as Heidegger had stated (Tolstoy, 1960, p. 153). In the text there are terms that Tolstoy borrows from religion to show his understanding of death. in the context of religion. Terms such as revelation and “He whose understanding counted” are borrowed from religious vocabulary to bring greater understanding of death. Fortunately, after the..