Glucose Load and Dehydration in the CamelIn mammals, insulin stimulates glucose absorption, so there is no glucose left in the urine unless the critical point is reached where the transporters of glucose are saturated and the reabsorption rate is exceeded (renal threshold). When dehydrated, camels can implement various physiological mechanisms to prevent gross losses of the body's existing water reserves. Mechanisms include increased body temperature, excretion of concentrated urine, and storage of CO2. This article includes an experiment in which five adult female camels were tested in different physiological conditions (dehydration and then rehydration) following glucose loading in each case and the possible mechanisms that camels implement to maintain glucose levels were traced. 'homeostasis. The results of the study showed that camels have higher plasma glucose levels during the dry season compared to the green season.• Camels adapt their body so that the glucose/insulin ratio remains stable (unchanged) in case of dehydration for maintain blood osmolarity. • Renal glucose handling is different during water deprivation, where the lag period before filtration and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are altered so that water can be retained and minimize any fluid loss. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Camels are mammals with an extraordinary ability to survive extreme cases of dehydration and scarce resources. Article 1 published in 1976 raises many questions about the adaptive capacity of camels and the mechanisms they have developed to compensate for cases of water deprivation. The first question this article raises is: what happens to the camel body when there is a sudden increase in blood glucose when dehydrated and hydrated? Most of this article addresses this issue. The experimenters gave glucose injections to five adult female camels previously deprived of water for ten days and monitored how their bodies reacted to the increased glucose over a three-day period, then compared the results with data from the camels with hydrated body. This study demonstrated that camels regulate their circulatory and excretory systems so as to minimize fluid loss, especially through urine, but they also strive to maintain stable blood glucose levels so that osmolarity of the blood does not move and cause the cells to malfunction. the study is that even when loaded with glucose while dehydrated, how do camels maintain osmolarity without excreting glucose? Further hormonal tests, which were the main trace in the 1970s, showed increased insulin sensitivity which enhances the work of glucose transporters causing an increase in glucose Tm and consequently increased glucose absorption and storage. However, many questions still need to be discussed as researchers continue their experiments to uncover the evolutionary puzzle about camels. Article 1 leaves us with questions about the relationship between camel body temperatures and dehydration levels? Another interesting issue, in the case of dehydration, any additional solutes ingested increase the osmolarity of the blood, putting camels at a disadvantage of high osmolarity which impairs many physiological functions and increases urine production to expel any additional solutes; OfAs a result, more water is lost as the body struggles to conserve it due to dehydration. How do camels compensate for this problem? As we dive into Article 2, these questions are studied and answers are proposed. Daily regulation of body temperature rhythm in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) exposed to experimental desert conditions. (2014) Rhythmicity is a shared property of all organisms and of great importance mainly through the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland. The circadian clock, located in the SCN of the hypothalamus, plays an essential role in the control of biological rhythmic processes and circadian rhythms. The aim of the present work was therefore to study the nature of the daily Tb rhythm in the camel and to determine its relationship with the circadian system under harsh conditions mimicking the desert environment. • Camels are continuously exposed to heat, solar radiation and water and food deprivation, but they manage to adapt to this harsh environment through behavioral, anatomical and physiological characteristics that allow them to conserve water and regulate body temperature. Two experiments were conducted on six healthy female camels designed to define the process of heterothermy in dehydrated camels (Experience 1) and investigate the effect of reducing food intake during dehydration (Experience 2). •Observations clearly establish that water deprivation during exposure to daily heat has a significant effect on the amplitude of daily/circadian Tb rhythms in the camel (adaptive heterothermy). mechanism to conserve energy, water and further regulate body temperature in harsh environments such as deserts. Transition 2: Article 2 focuses on rhythmic and cellular processes. It is important to keep in mind that approximately half a century passed between Article 1 published in 1976 and Article 2 published in 2014. During that period, science experienced a technological revolution that allowed scientists and researchers to discover processes, functions and subcellular mechanisms that further explains the behavior and anatomy of many organisms. The first question is taken from Article 2; What is the relationship between camel body temperature (Tb) and heat regulation? Experiment 1 demonstrated that camels maintain their temperature within a strict scale of 12L/12D (light and dark cycle) despite the large fluctuation of temperatures in deserts during the day-night cycle and day-day switching. It has been established that dehydration and heat stress have a large impact on the circadian cycle, which has allowed camels, which conferred an evolutionary advantage, to embrace adaptive heterothermy characterized by a double switch to adapt to prolonged periods of heat deprivation. water and heat. This has been called thermoregulatory plasticity. The other issue in question involves food intake, heat stress and dehydration. The results of Experiment 2 showed that when camels are dehydrated, they decrease the amount of food they eat to control metabolic processes and regulate body temperature. This was demonstrated as the weight of the camels in this experiment gradually decreased over the course of dehydration. The conclusion drawn links metabolic processes with energy storage and food intake. Metabolic processes under thermal stress cause additional heat that camels struggle to lose especially in extremely hot environments. This causes them to lose more energy for thermal regulation rather than storing it. Furthermore, with the changes in blood osmolarity discussed above, it comes10142-017-0571