The history of the juvenile justice system is a mixture of the criminal justice system, family court, child protective services, social services, orphanages, adoption and humanitarian growth. (Schmalleger, 2007) The degree to which a child fits into the system depends on crime, family pedigree, financial position, color, and social status. Black children would be treated more harshly than whites, Indian children would be treated worse than African American children, and status was determined by skin color. Black children would be sentenced to death before a white child, and those with financial means could buy pardons or parole. (Hopkins, 2008) Since America's inception we have modeled our penal codes and punishments after those of England. England had no regard for an offender's age or maturity, punishments ranged from flogging, mutilation, branding, public humiliation (stockades), workhouses, banishment and other forms of torture and every person was subject to them, regardless of age; we brought this tradition with us to the colonies. (Roberson, 2007) In the 19th century we started what I think is more of a social service program that was really an attack on the poor but which the youth system calls the baby-saving movement. This movement focused on the dangerousness and immorality that was believed to go hand in hand with being disadvantaged. The privately or community-funded “House of Refuge” opened in New York in 1825; (Larry J. Siegel, 2008) was believed to be a home environment but was actually a workhouse and operated much like later industrial prisons (1890-1935) which fell out of favor due to the economic impact on the economy American. (Schmalleger, 2007) pag. 490) Americans were mu...... middle of document ......see January 2, 2011, from ExecutedToday.com: http://www.executedtoday.com/2008/12/20/1786-hannah -ocuish-age-12/Larry J. Siegel, B. C. (2008). Youth corrections. In BC Larry J. Siegel, Juvenile Delinquency The Core, third edition (pp. 336-368). Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.Larry J. Siegel, B.C. (2008). History and development of juvenile justice. In BC Larry J. Siegel, Juvenile Delinquency The Core, third edition (pp. 259-283). Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth. National Orphan Train Complex. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved January 9, 2011, from National Orphan Train Complex: http://www.orphantraindepot.com/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.htmlRoberson, W. S. (2007). Procedures in the judicial system. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.Schmalleger, F. (2007). Criminal Justice Today, Ninth Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.