Considering a face-to-face interactional context, most researchers (e.g. Goffman, 1961; Kendon and Ferber, 1973) have held that human interaction usually begins after passing through the social processes of 'initial perception' where people recognize someone on the street, 'distant greeting' where people intend to greet the recognized person (e.g. by making eye contact) and 'close greeting' where people use physical contact such as handshakes (Kendon and Ferber, 1973) , However, researchers such as Schegloff (1986) and Hopper (1992) argued that telephone technology, with its lack of visual access at the beginning of the conversation, indicated new patterns of human interaction. By classifying four main sequences ("call-response", "identification/recognition", "greetings" and "initial requests") that occur at the beginning of the telephone conversation, Schegloff (1986) demonstrated the means with which telephone technology offers a new type of conversation-in-interaction. Unlike face-to-face conversation where "hello" and "how are you" are normally considered a greeting, the first "hello" in a telephone conversation, for example, meant a response to the summons in which the interlocutors in this conversation expected . the 'call-reply' sequence can convey their requests to participate in the interaction, while the use of 'how are you' is in fact a means of presenting a first argument on the part of both the caller and the called party in a telephone interaction, since responses to “how are you” can have systematically dissimilar forms which can subsequently give rise to differential discourse (Schegloff, 1986). While Schegloff's research is based primarily on telephone use in the United States, other scholars (e.g. Carroll, 1987; Godard, 1997; Houtkoop-Steenstra, 1991) have investigated telephone conversation openings in other countries such as France and Holland and they compared it