Introduction Hallmarks of Cancer written by Doughlas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg proposed the underlying principles and essential characteristics of the development of human tumors. This article has distilled all existing research to describe the fundamental characteristics of cancer. Hanahan and Weinberge proposed six characteristics shared among all tumors mentioned in this article: support of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressor, resistance to cell death, possibility of replicative immortality, support of angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. This article also introduces four emerging hallmarks, which describe the current 10 underlying principles shared by cancer cells. Hanahan and Weinberg also provided specific examples of potential mechanisms for distinctive brands. All characteristic mechanisms of cancer must be satisfied in the development of cancer cells. The Six Fundamental Hallmarks of Cancer Cancer cells have the special characteristic of supporting chronic proliferative signaling to enable uncontrollable growth. These cells allow growth factors to bind to cell surface receptors containing tyrosine kinase domains. These growth factors regulate progression to emit intracellular signals, allowing cells to progress through the cell cycle and cell growth. Cancer cells use several methods to acquire the ability to sustain proliferative signaling, including the production of growth factor ligand, resulting in autocrine proliferative stimulation. Another method used by cancer cells is to send signals to stimulate normal cells within the tumor-associated supporting stroma to provide the tumor cells with the necessary growth factors. Tumor cells also showed higher levels of cancer p......middle of paper......ks receptors depicted in this article together determine the malignant phenotype of the cancer. These cancer hallmarks are critical to cancer research, as they show the remarkable similarity in pathological traits that are critical in tumor formation and progression. Original characteristics include self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, tissue invasion, and metastasis; unlimited replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis where cells must accumulate to become cancerous. Emerging hallmarks such as reprogramming of energy metabolism and immune system evasion have shown essential features that contribute to tumor cell progression, however, they have yet to be integrated into the six canonical hallmarks as it is uncertain whether or not they are pervasive across cancer types. cancer still undetermined.