Overview:Throughout history, many individuals and groups have affirmed the intrinsic value and dignity of human beings. They spoke out against ideologies, beliefs, and practices that held that people were simply the means to economic and political ends. They reminded their contemporaries that the purpose of institutions is to serve and promote the freedom and power of their members. In Western civilization we honor the times and places, such as classical Greece and Renaissance Europe, where such claims were expressed. Humanistic psychology is a contemporary manifestation of this ongoing commitment. His message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implicit in the image of the person drawn by the behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlov's work with the conditioned reflex had given rise to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called "the science of behavior." His emphasis on objectivity was strengthened by the success of the powerful methodologies employed in the natural sciences and by the philosophical investigations of the British empiricists, logical positivists and operationalists. All those who sought to apply the methods and values of the physical sciences to questions relating to human behavior have gained valuable insights. But if something was gained, something was also lost: the "First Force" systematically excluded subjective data consciousness and much information relating to the complexity of the human personality and its development. The “Second Force” emerged from Freudian psychoanalysis and the depth psychologies of Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Carl Jung, Melanie Klein, Otto Rank, Harry Stack Sullivan, and others. These theorists focused on the dynamic unconscious: the depths of the human psyche whose contents, they claimed, must be integrated with those of the conscious mind to produce a healthy human personality. The founders of depth psychologies believed that human behavior is determined primarily by what happens in the unconscious. Thus, where behaviorists ignored consciousness because they believed that its essential privacy and subjectivity made it inaccessible to scientific study, depth psychologists tended to regard it as the center of the paper; movements for self-esteem and addiction recovery; Family therapy, holistic health and hospice, organizational development and organizational transformation. It is philosophically aligned with postmodern philosophy of science, constructivist epistemology, structuralism, and deconstructionism. We might also include green politics, deep ecology, the feminist and gay rights movements, and the psycho-spiritual wing of the peace movement. Perhaps this is what Rollo May meant when he suggested that the AHP has accomplished the mission for which it was founded. This breadth, depth and diversity is representative of the world we live in and takes into account an integrated and balanced view of human nature and the maintenance of balance and harmony in the grand scheme of existence. “As the world's people demand freedom and self-determination, it is urgent to learn how diverse communities of empowered individuals, with the freedom to construct their own stories and identities, might live together in mutual peace. Perhaps it is not a vain hope that life in such communities can lead to human consciousness advancement beyond anything we have yet experienced. "
tags