The knowledge question addressed in this essay is: what role does what we expect to see, or are used to seeing, play in what we observe? What we expect to see greatly influences the observations we make, as a confirmation bias is created, so we are more likely to accept something as true. It is difficult to make neutral observations once a prejudice has formed. Reason, whether deductive or inductive, creates expectations in which bias is present because observations are more easily accepted as true. Deductive reasoning is moving from general truths to specific knowledge, while inductive reasoning is moving from specific details and observations to more general conclusions. Expectations can easily be formed by both types of reason and influence what is observed, as we more easily accept something that we can reasonably consider to be true. However, there is false confidence in what we “should” see, just as there is very little certainty in reason due to the assumption that the future will be the same as the past when knowledge is always subject to review and change.. ...