Operant conditioning is “A process of behavior modification in which a subject is encouraged to behave in a desired manner through positive or negative reinforcement, so that the subject comes to associate pleasure or displeasure reinforced by behavior” (Dictionary.com). And contingency “refers to the degree of correlation between a behavior and its consequences” (Chance, 2014). The last one is contiguity “refers to the temporal gap between a behavior and its reinforcing consequences” (Chance, 2014). And the reason why contiguity has a faster outcome in learning is because “one of the reasons immediate consequences produce better results is that a delay allows time for other behaviors to occur. This behavior, and not the contingent one, is reinforced” (Chance, 2014). “Dopamine is a neurotransmitter. It is a chemical messenger that helps in the transmission of signals in the brain and other vital areas. Dopamine is found in both humans and animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates” (2013, Mandal). The dopamine pathway is an adrenaline that provides a rush. Dopamine is released when you are on a roller coaster and your pounding heart is dopamine. According to David Premack “while reinforcers are normally viewed as stimuli, Premack noted that they can be thought of as behaviors” (Chance, 2014). Again according to the book “reinforcement implies a relationship, typically between two behaviors, one of which reinforces the other”