Topic > Individual Liberty and Bill 94 in Quebec, Canada

Regarding individual liberty, Locke believes that each individual is the judge of his or her own actions (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). All individuals have the right to be free and the right to decide how they want to live without interference from the state. (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). Muslim women have the right to freely cover their faces without limitation or discrimination by state authority. Bill 94 would end Muslim women's individual choice and interfere with their individual rights and freedoms. Locke believes that the pursuit of happiness comes from cooperation (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). He explains that individual happiness will ultimately lead to societal happiness (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2012). The possible legislation of Bill 94 has already caused a stir across Canada for both Muslim and non-Muslim communities. The unhappiness of all these individuals will eventually affect the stability and happiness of the entire society. The limitations that Bill 94 would place on individual liberties and the liberties of Muslim women further entrench Locke's disagreement. 80% of the Canadian population and 95% of Quebecers support Bill 94. According to Jeremy Bentham's utilitarian principle, banning the niqab would be reasonable legislation. The core value of the utilitarian principle is to “maximize happiness and prevent pain and suffering” (Sandel, 2009, p. 34). He believes that the happiness of the majority outweighs the suffering of the minority. Bill 94 would make the majority of Canadians happy and would only cause hardship for the Muslim minority population. Theoretically the concept seems plausible, but when built into real-world situations, it starts to deteriorate. Stuart Mill's utilitarian approach provides... in the center of the paper... the Veil [video file]. ExcerptConway, Kyle. (2012). “Quebec Law 94: What is “reasonable”? What is “accommodation”? And what is the meaning of the Muslim veil?” American Review of Canadian Studies 47(2): 195-209. Doi: 10.1080/02722011.2012.679150 Columbia Encyclopedia. (2002). "John Locke - History and Philosophy" in the Columbia Encyclopedia Online. Columbia University Press. Retrieve from Daily Motion. (2010, May 19). Canadian total headscarf ban [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xdd5mk_canada-full-veil-ban_newsHorton, John and Mendus, Susan (ed.) John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration in Focus. New York: Routledge, 1991.Sandel, M. J. (2009). Justice: What is the right thing to do? (pp. 58-74). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.