Following codes of ethics and obtaining institutional review board approval (if the study has human subjects) can really reduce the chance of harm being done to participants. A perfect example of a research study that involved many unethical practices was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was conducted by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) starting in 1932. The study examined untreated cases of latent syphilis in human subjects to determine the “natural course” of the disease. Four hundred African American males from Tuskegee, Alabama, who already had syphilis, were recruited for this study, along with a matched sample of 200 uninfected males. Subjects were not asked to provide informed consent to participate in this project…antibiotic treatment