IntroductionEugenics is defined as "a science concerned with the improvement (such as the control of human mating) of the hereditary qualities of a race or race (1)." The principles of eugenics have been used in many different countries for various reasons. In the United States, eugenics reached its peak in the period preceding World War II. It was believed that the most effective way to address social problems, such as mental illness, poverty, and crime, was to inhibit reproduction among people with such characteristics. Involuntary sterilization laws have been enacted in many states. The UK government's Mental Deficit Committee stated in a report that "birth control was the best method of eliminating the hordes (sic) of weak, unhealthy and contaminated poor children, whose dependence on funded welfare programs from taxes prevented the overburdened middle classes from producing. more good quality children (1).” The goals of the eugenics movement were "the 'improvement of the human stock' and the avoidance of financial drain on society (1)." Proponents argued that people could be improved, and therefore “improved,” through genetic treatments and manipulations. They argued that if they could select children who were not disadvantaged, then they should do so. Nazi Germany established several strong racial laws in 1933. The Nazi Hereditary Sanitary Tribunal was formed and approved many eugenic proposals. These became more and more inhumane as time went on. Therefore, the euthanasia of the insane, the mentally defective and others deemed undesirable began. After the Nazis labeled these atrocities “eugenics,” the word became associated with evil or discrimination and was mostly replaced by friendlier terms, such as “human genetics counseling… center of paper…”. .y. Reproductive biomedicine. 19, 23-33 (2009).16. Isabel A. Karpin, Choosing Disability: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Negative Enhancement. Journal of law and medicine. 15, 89-103 (2007).17. Rachel Iredale, Marcus Longley, Christian Thomas, Anita Shaw, What choices should we be able to make about designer babies? A citizen jury of young people from South Wales. Health expectations. 9, 207–217 (2006).18. T. Bogdanoski, Every Body is Different: Regulating the Use (and Non-Use) of Cosmetic Surgery, Body Modification, and Reproductive Genetic Testing. Griffith Law Review. 2, 503-528 (2009).19. Merryn Ekberg, Maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks associated with prenatal genetic testing. Health, risk and society. 1, 67 – 81 (2007).20. Stephen Quake, Opening the Pandora's Box of Prenatal Genetic Testing. Nature medicine. 17, 250-251 (2011).
tags