Section 4 Focusing on fertility, critically discuss the role of government in shaping the geographies of populations. The role of governments and how they influence the geographies of populations through fertility is a very critical issue. The ways the government affected certain areas and the ways it affected people through fertility. The ways in which fertility has affected Asia and particularly Singapore and what led Singapore to change its fertility laws. Is the government the cause of fertility decline or is it just that as time goes by people have different preferences than before. How it decreases fertility and how it affects people and place. Some understanding of how government shapes population geography is a socioeconomic factor that influences fertility, for example how women are educated, this matters negatively for fertility (Bongarts, 1978). This shows that uneducated women tend to cause declining fertility in some countries. The decline in fertility in England was not caused by a single factor but by a variety that swept across the area at once, but with people of different social classes and occupations proving to have different fertility rates (Boyle, 2003). The decline in fertility did not start recently but has started to show a decrease according to Bongarts, Korea's reproductive measures and how it changed from 1960 to 1970 show a very large decline from 1960 when the total fertility rate (TFR) was to 6.13, and in 1970 the fertility rate fell to 4.20 in ten years (Bongarts, 1978). The TFR is the total number of births a woman would have at the end of her reproductive years (Bongarts, 1978). Is fertility a social or individual factor, or the individual has a job and does not have time for... half of the article......kakis¬-Smith, D., & Graham, E. (1996) , “Shaping the nation state: ethnic, class and the new demographic politics in Singapore,” International Journal of Population Geography, 2(1): 69-89. Graham, E. (2007), “Son prefer, women deficit and Singapore's fertility transition”, in I.Attané and C.Z.Guilmoto (eds.), Watering the Neighbor's Garden: The Growing Female Deficit in Asia, CICRED: Paris, pp . 89–106. Jones, G.W. (2012), “Population Policy in a Prosperous City-State: Dilemmas for Singapore”, Population and Development Review, 38(2): 311-336. Lutz, W., Scherbow, S., & Sanderson, W. (2003), “The end of population growth in Asia”, Journal of Population Research, 20(1): 125-141. Yeoh, B.S., Lutz, W., Prachuabmoh, V., & Arifin, E. N. (2003), “Fertility Decline in Asia: Trends, Implications and Futures”, Journal of Population Research, 20(1): iii-ix.