Vaccinations demonstrate the benefits of preventing suffering and death from infectious diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approved vaccinations ranked first on the list of ten great public health successes achieved in the United States from 1900 to 1999. If a critical number are vaccinated of people within a community against a particular disease, the entire group is less likely to contract the disease. This protection is called community, or herd, immunity. On the other hand, if too many people in a community don't receive vaccinations, diseases can resurface. Herd immunity has played an important role in reducing the ongoing endemic transmission of a number of diseases, consequently benefiting the community as well as the individual. Herd immunity is one of the main reasons behind mandatory vaccination. (1) High vaccination coverage helps to substantially reduce vaccine-preventable diseases, so the decrease in VPD incidence leads to public awareness that disease severity and susceptibility have decreased. At the same time, side effects associated with vaccination have increased public concern. The numbers of people who refuse to vaccinate themselves and their children have therefore increased. Recently, the concern of many parents regarding the associated relationship between vaccination and autism, even if this concern is not based on scientific evidence, has led many parents to refuse to vaccinate their children. Statically, there has been an increase in state-level rates of non-medical exemption from immunization requirements. (2)In fact, talking about compulsory vaccination sheds light on the people who are at the... center of the paper... the medical guard on vaccination coverage of children aged 19 to 35 months. Pediatrics 2007;119:Suppl 1:S4-S11.11-aniels D, Jiles RB, Klevens RM, Herrera GA. Undervaccinated African American preschoolers: A case of missed opportunities. Am J Prev Med 2001;20:Suppl:61-68.12- Luman ET, McCauley MM, Shefer A, Chu SY. Maternal characteristics associated with vaccination of young children. Pediatrics 2003;111:1215-1218.13- Smith PJ, Santoli JM, Chu SY, Ochoa DQ, Rodewald LE. The association between having a medical home and vaccination coverage among children eligible for the Vaccines for Children program. Pediatrics 2005;116:130-139.14- Salmon DA, Moulton LH, Omer SB, Dehart MP, Stokley S, Halsey NA. Factors associated with refusal of childhood vaccines among parents of school-age children: a case-control study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:470-476.