Topic > Dopamine: The Causes and Effects of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease or Parkinson's is a brain disorder that occurs when neurons in the brain stop working or die (Browner & Pagan, 2014). The normal function of neurons, or brain cells, is to produce dopamine. This disease typically occurs in older adults, aged fifty and older. This disease affects millions of people around the world and is estimated to be ten million and 60,000 in North America alone. It is not prominent in any culture or race; even celebrities like Michael J. Fox or Muhammad Ali have Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is named after a man named James Parkinson. It was a British doctor who first wrote a description of the disease in 1817 (ABC Health & Wellbeing, 2013). He published this work which he titled "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy". He wrote a few other things, but his work on Parkinson's is what he is best known for. James Parkinson described the disease as an inconvenience, as his patients could not control their movements and the movements occurred involuntarily (Parkinson, 1817). To understand Parkinson's disease, we need to understand more about dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter or signal chemical that transmits signals throughout the brain. These signals allow us to feel pain and pleasure, as well as control body movements and emotions. People often associate dopamine with addictions because the pleasure we experience is caused by the release of dopamine (Brookshire, 2013). When we eat our favorite foods, like a piece of chocolate cake, neurotransmitters in the brain release dopamine which allows us to feel the pleasure of chocolate. However, like an addiction, we can feel the desire to experience that pleasure again. When we start craving another slice... half a piece of paper... there's dopamine. This prevented the mice from exhibiting Parkinson's-related symptoms (American Chemical Society, 2014). So far this technique has only been tested on rats, so it will probably take many more experiments for it to reach human trials. The cause and cure for Parkinson's disease are unknown. However, it is more likely to develop in men than in women. It is very important that if anyone experiences possible symptoms of Parkinson's they talk to their doctor. It may also be helpful to have caregivers or family members keep a special eye on your loved one. Some may not even realize that their memory is getting worse or that they have tremors. It is extremely important to have some sort of support system, in the form of family members or medical personnel, when Parkinson's disease is diagnosed, especially in the future when symptoms worsen.