The way a society is organized can create conflict or create difficult conditions for others to survive, which can increase the chances of conflict between different cultures and societies. The arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 marked the beginning of an era of conflict. Aboriginal people have lived in Australia for thousands of years. When the English arrived in Australia they did not understand the Aboriginal way of life and did not realize the deep connection Aboriginal people had to the land. Non-Indigenous people began to use the land in their own ways because Australia was seen as unused and this led to the concept of Terra Nullius (land that belongs to no one or land that no one owned). The new white settlement had a devastating impact on the indigenous populations. Large numbers of Aboriginal people died after involvement in devastating conflicts with modern settlers, and exposure to disease also contributed to the number of deaths. The Aboriginal population in 1788 was 1,000,000 (estimated) and by 1900 it had been reduced to 60,000 and there was a threat that this race would soon become extinct. White ignorance in the past resulted in greater survival difficulties for Aboriginal people. The "eye for an eye" principle means that a person who has hurt another person will receive the same treatment, but more than an eye can be used to describe the revenge of whites on natives. The murder of a European in WA in 1926 led to the killing of 30 Aboriginal people in revenge. Similarly, another European death led to the deaths of approximately 70 Aboriginal people. The concept of Terra Nullius led to the destruction of Aboriginal culture and the way Aboriginal people used the land was not appreciated by white settlers. ...... middle of paper ......d so justice will be achieved.“No issue... is more important to Australia than resolving the relationship between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous communities. We have spent 205 years pretending there were no problems to solve or attempting to solve them according to non-indigenous ideas of what is best” a very true statement by Garth Neitteim (as quoted in Bottmley 1994). very true statement describing the ignorance of white people in the past. The new settlers did what they wanted without worrying about the effects on indigenous society. But we have now taken on the responsibility of shaping a better future for indigenous peoples and by simply apologizing for the past, we cannot repay the grave losses suffered by the indigenous community, but we can now stand with them and create an environment where the equality and justice are guaranteed. the surrounded.