Since the Meiji Restoration era, democratization efforts were undertaken to modernize Japan. A bicameral legislative system and local, albeit unelected, assemblies were created in the image of the Prussian model (Haddad, 2012, p. 50) and a Constitution was formulated that attributed absolute power to the monarch. Although the main intention of the oligarchs behind the Constitution was to have the National Diet as a consultative body, they “created a series of 'transcendental cabinets' that answered to the Emperor” (Haddad, 2012, p. 50). tools during this period as they were the people with the knowledge needed to allow the country to function. .... This importance placed on them resulted .... As an important component of the mission led by Tomomi Iwakura to learn and bring back to the West the modern and advanced systems that allowed Japan to be modernized.... It involved the adoption of the French police system, American agricultural power and prowess, as well as modernization and revolution in the way of life (Haddad, 2012, p. 51).... built the country: technology, banks, factories, etc. sub-cabinet has no legal existence, but for most of the time since the formation of a cabinet was authorized, the sub-cabinet, a collection of the most senior bureaucrats of each ministry (generally the deputy ministers) and the chief of staff The secretary existed in some form. It meets to set policies for the respective ministries as well as forming a layer that allows for greater coordination and exchange of information between bureaucracies and politicians in the government. In 2009, when the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) took power, the attempts were followed through with the camp...... middle of paper...... In Building Democracy in Japan (pp . 46-72). Cambridge University Press.Koellner, P. (2011). The Democratic Party of Japan: development, organization and programmatic profile. In A. Gaunder (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (pp. 24-35). London, UK: Routledge.Reed, S.R. (2011). The Liberal Democratic Party: an explanation of its successes and failures. In A. Gaunder (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (pp. 14-23). London, UK: Routledge .Stockwin, JA Chapter 7: Who Rules Japan? In Governing Japan: Divided Politics in a Resurgent Economy (4th ed., pp. 46-72). London, UK: Blackwell.(2011). Party politics in Japan. In J. A. Stockwin, T. Inoguchi, & P. ​​Jain (Eds.), Japanese Politics Today: From Karaoke to Kabuki Democracy (pp. 89–107). New York, New York, United States of America: Palgrave Mcmillian.