IntroductionVerbal memory refers to a person's ability to store, retrieve, and recall verbal information. When it comes to verbal memory in general, there is no specific way to administer a verbal learning test. From six articles there are three different verbal learning tests administered: California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 1987), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RVLT), (Rey, 1993) Phonologically Unfamiliar Language Test (PULT) (Kaushanskaya, Marian, & Yoo, 2011) and the Philadelphia Repeated Verbal Learning Test (PrVLT) (Libon, Schmidt, Gallo, Penney, Swenson, Giovannetti, et al. 2005). Because there are many different ways to test verbal memory, different hypotheses and conclusions can be drawn, although in every test of verbal learning the consensus is that female participants outperform male participants. The problem arises when researchers decide to which factor to attribute women's high performance. For many, the answer lies in how words are remembered. My authors, including Baxter, Conner, Comer, Herring, and Gale (2007) and Krueger and Salthouse (2010), suggest that females have better conservation ability; coding and learning system than males, while others such as Kramer, Yaffe, Lengenfelder, and Delis (2003) conclude that the answer lies in hormones such as estrogen. The lack of continuity between testing techniques and abnormal findings such as hormones requires further research in the area of gender and verbal memory. Suggested in both Baxter, Conner, Comer, Herring, and Gale (2007) and Krueger and Salthouse (2010) a The common conclusion as to why gender differences exist is the difference in coding. One form of coding is clustering when words are...... center of the card ......r than males in delayed recall, leading to the conclusion that females have a better coding system than uses clustering and semantic processing to help better storage and repetition of information. Although there is no significant gender difference between immediate and total word recall, females perform slightly better than males on all recall tasks. The question of why this happens is not yet answered, but the findings seem to support that it is females' ability to group and encode that gives them an advantage in verbal memory. There is still much to learn about memory and many variables yet to be tested as there are many competing theories. This study once again confirms that females will almost always outperform males on verbal tasks, but exactly why this happens needs to be examined more to truly understand the nature of memory and gender...
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