What is sexual objectification? Under what circumstances (if any) might it be morally permissible? Sexual objectification refers to the way in which one person sexually reduces another by treating him or her as a mere sexual object (Halwani). Sexual objectification is rarely considered a benign topic, although a wide range of enlightened opinions are discussed throughout this assessment, highlighting the ambiguity of the term in relation to the morality of sexual objectification. Halwani's definition only encompasses the "treatment" and/or "behavioral" aspects of sexual objectification, however Halwani recognizes that the process by which someone is sexually objectified occurs most frequently in the following scenarios: During casual sex, as the parts desire nothing more than the other's body parts, essentially their sexual parts. When we look at photos of naked people and become intrigued by their sexual aspects. Engaging in pornography, as the material already objectifies its actors as models (Halwani). Perverting a person's physical characteristics, such as "their booty", as they pass by. Catcalling, reducing the person solely to their physical appearances, and finally, fantasizing about someone, as it objectifies them solely on their physical appearances and can in turn symbolize men or women holistically (Halwani, 2010, pp 186). Allowing for a broader discussion regarding when sexual objectification is morally permissible (if ever), the ideas constructed by Immanuel Kant, Martha Nussbaum, and David Soble are extensively evaluated in order to determine when sexual objectification is permissible. When a person is sexually objectified by another, their dignity and humanity are diminished by treating them solely based on their paper-thick character in a marriage cannot be sexually objectified and treated impermissibly. Although contradictory to Kant's views on sexual objectification, Nussbaum believes that sexual objectification is permissible if performed simultaneously, with mutual respect, and if the parties have the same social status, eliminating any risk of feeling dehumanized or subordinated. Finally, concerns surrounding pornography and sexual objectification are exploited through Soble's perspective, illustrating that when sexual objectification is contextualized with pornography, it is morally wrong as it defeats the purpose of humanity by treating the individual exclusively as a sexual object. All philosophical opinions provided have been contested and/or questioned, although through the opinions of these philosophers we are given few circumstances in which sexual objectification is morally permissible, and not.
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