Topic > A Review of the Marijuana Literature - 3126

A considerable amount of literature has been published on cannabis, particularly marijuana. These studies classify marijuana into three species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. In fact, Cannabis sativa is the most used and recognized species among other species for its ability to produce more fiber and oil. For many years the plant has been used to make clothing, lighting and soap. However, cannabis is currently widely used for intoxication and medical treatments. Marijuana is usually extracted from the flowers of the female plant (Grinspoon & Bakalar, 1993). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, marijuana is well defined as “dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which contains the psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) , as well as other related compounds. This plant material can also be concentrated into a resin called hashish” (NIDA, 2014). Numerous studies have attempted to explain the use of cannabis throughout history. For example, Doweiko (2009) stated that Chinese doctors have used cannabis to treat certain diseases such as malaria, constipation, childbirth, and as an anesthetic for surgery. During the 19th century, cannabis (marijuana) was also used for medical purposes to treat headaches and migraines. However, during the early twentieth century, people began to view cannabis as a drug of abuse as researchers determined its ineffectiveness as a medicinal drug. Some historians argue that marijuana was first introduced into American society by Mexican immigrants during the same period. This recreational drug was soon adopted by… half of article… s, W.G., Branchini, J., & Maldonado-Molina, M.M. (2012). The relationship between marijuana use and intimate partner violence in a nationally representative longitudinal sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(8), 1562-1578. Shohov, T. (2003). Medical Use of Marijuana: Policy, Regulatory, and Legal Issues. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Shrivastava, A., Johnston, M., & Tsuang, M. (2011). Cannabis use and cognitive dysfunction. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(3), 187.Shukla, R. (2013). Inside the Gate: Insider Perspectives on Marijuana as a Gateway Drug. Sidney, S., Beck, J. E., Tekawa, I. S., Quesenberry Jr., C. P., & Friedman, G. D. (1997). Marijuana use and mortality. American Journal Of Public Health, 87(4), 585-590. Tardiff, J. C. (2008). Marijuana. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Tuyl, T. C. (2007). Marijuana. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.