An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke was published in 1689 and consists of four separate books written over the course of 18 years. Taken together they constitute an extremely long and detailed theory of knowledge, starting from the basics and working upwards. The book is primarily concerned with questions of epistemology and metaphysics, although the third book concerns the philosophy of language. Questions of moral philosophy, philosophy of logic and philosophy of religion also find space in the discussions. In Book I, "On Innate Notions", there is an attack on the Cartesian view of knowledge, according to which human beings are born with certain ideas already in their minds. "Of Innate Notions" begins with an argument against the possibility of innate propositional knowledge and then moves on to an argument against the possibility of innate ideas such as the idea of ​​God. Then Locke begins to develop his own theory of the origins of knowledge. Book II sets out Locke's theory of ideas. He argues that everything in our mind is an idea and that all ideas take one of two...