Introduction In this article I will describe phobias and fear, but more specifically coulrophobia (the fear of clowns) and monophobia (the fear of being alone) . I will also describe the possible causes of phobias, the history of phobias, how fear is useful in small quantities, what fear does to someone and how to defeat it. Fear is present in all people but in some more than others and I would like to know why. The definition of phobia is “an extreme or irrational fear or aversion to something.” Phobias are never simple and often have no simple answers or cures, but there are ways to deal with them. There are some treatments that can help you overcome your fears. It is not easy to get into phobias without going into very complex psychological science, but in this article I will provide the basics for understanding them and understanding fear. Causes: The causes of fear and phobias are difficult to identify due to their often irrational nature. . However, some phobias can be linked to traumatic childhood experiences. It is very likely that if you were lost or separated from your family for a period of time as a young person, as you grow up you will be a little more wary of losing yourself, but whether or not this becomes a phobia is not always obvious. The phobia can also develop due to the media or films and films. for example, if there are movies about killer clowns everywhere you turn, you might want to double-check what you previously thought about clowns. There are other causes of fear and phobias, but they are not so easily defined or specified. This may be because there isn't a huge difference between someone who has many phobias and someone who doesn't. One of these more subtle causes of phobia could be genetics. There is no reason to... half of the paper... bring water back from the river. Only now we carry a wallet with us and walk the streets of the city. The decision not to take that shortcut through the deserted alley at midnight is based on a rational fear that promotes survival. "-Layton, J. How Fear Works.Works CitedThe Fear of Clowns?. (2012, January 1). . Retrieved from http://www.coulrophobiafacts.com/Qinion, M. (1996, January 1). Coulrophobia. Retrieved January 1, 2014, from http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-col2.htm. Retrieved January 1, 2014, from http://www.anxietycare .org.uk/docs/fear_of_being_alone.aspKorgeski, G. (2009, May 28). Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://hiperfdiy.wordpress.com/2012/05/28/the-. history-of-phobias/Layton, J. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/fear.htm