The first two journal articles that were compared and contrasted were Ala Alahmad's 2010 article on To Be Ethical or Not to Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership and Patrick Murphy's 2009 article on The Relevance of Accountability to Ethical Business Decisions. Some key findings of Alahmad's writings were that ethics and leadership were closely tied together; they were found to be derivatives of each other. He stated that ethics is an individual thought process aimed at making good or bad decisions. Alahmad described an international code of leadership heavily veiled in great moral fibers. Some notable characteristics of his code included honesty, respect, punctuality, humility and great dignity. However, reading his work, it was difficult to describe an original thought on ethics. He collected quotes and principles from other researchers to form the body of his work. Finally, he stated that he did not conduct a thorough review of literary works, at best his writings should only be used as subjective information. Murphy wrote that responsibility is at the level of atomic structure in relation to ethics. Murphy examined some 2008 papers presented at a conference on the ethical dimensions of research at Notre Dame and analyzed how accountability was at the crux of all the papers. Indeed, while Alahmad's writings tended to focus on leadership, Murphy's writings focused on responsibility. It consolidated many types of responsibilities into six categories. They were legal, corporate, managerial, social, consumer and social. It was established that legal responsibility was the fundamental principle of business ethics. Murphy described the articles and demonstrated how responsibility was… at the heart of the paper… the old articles, the verses of the new can conclude that we have not evolved enough in the field of business ethics. Works Cited Alahmad, A (2010). To be ethical or not to be: An international code of ethics for leadership. Journal of Diversity Management, 5(1), 31-35. doi:2009231431Drucker, P. (1981). What is business ethics?. Public Interest, 63, 18-36. Retrieved from http://www.nationalaffairs.com/doclib/20080708_1981632whatisbusinessethicspeterfdrucker.pdfFriedman, M. (1970). Corporate social responsibility to increase their profits. New York Times, 32, 33, 122-124, 126. Retrieved from http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.htmlMurphy, P. (2009). The relevance of responsibility for ethical business decisions. Journal of Business Ethics: Supplement, 90, 245-252. doi:2051417411