Over the past 40 years, the emergence of bone marrow transplants as a therapeutic modality for life-threatening diseases and as a curative option for individuals born with hereditary disorders resulting in limited life expectancy and poor quality of life (G). Over 4,500 hematopoietic [bone marrow] stem cell transplants are performed annually in the United States (H). Bone marrow transplants were originally developed to allow the use of very high doses of cytotoxic drug treatments for malignancies, such as leukemia (B). Two types of possible donors: mismatched related donors [mmRD] and matched sibling donors [MSD] (E). Although bone marrow transplants seem promising, this procedure can have some drawbacks. Graft-versus-host disease, in which the body attacks itself, is the main obstacle. The purpose of this article is to inform about transplants and see if it is a high-quality study to cure malignant diseases. Doctors since ancient times had the idea of ​​removing damaged parts of the body and replacing them with healthy organs to cure the patient with a disease. World War II brought tissue transplant research to the forefront: skin grafts for burn victims and blood transfusions required careful AOB blood typing and blood group antibody monitoring; and high doses of radiation lead to bone marrow collapse and death. Massive radiation exposures have provided an opportunity for the advancement of therapies for bone marrow failure syndrome and leukemia. The idea of ​​bone marrow transplantation to treat humans suffering from hereditary diseases of the immune system, bone marrow failure syndrome and leukemia has met with much doubt, enthusiasm and also many disappointments. Transferring what doctors knew from experimental traces to animal models t...... middle of paper...... 1-3F. Grunebaum E, Mazzolari E, Fulvio P, Dallera D, et.al: Bone marrow transplant for severe combined immunodeficiency. JAMA 2006;295 (5): 508-518G. Friedrichs B, Tichelli A, Bacigalupo A, et.al: Long-term outcomes and late effects in blood or mobilized bone marrow transplant patients: a randomized trial. The Lancet Oncology 2010;11 (4): 331-338H. Pancevski B: A Swiss child received a successful bone marrow transplant from his “savior brother”. British Medical Journal 2006;332 (8 June): 1352I. Kim D, Kwok B, Steinberg A: Simultaneous acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma successfully treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Southern Medical Journal 2010;103 (12): 1246-1249J. Diekema DS, Joffe S, Vandeven AM, Lantos JD: Bone marrow donation between siblings living in different families. Pediatrics under review 2010;127 (1): 158-162