In “Political representation”, Shapiro et al. (2009) state that “political representation is at the heart of modern politics”. Representation is usually linked to the concept of democracy (Shapiro et al. 2009). The concept of representation is explicitly mentioned in the American Constitution (US Constitution art. I, § 1, 2). However, the meaning and appropriate form of “representation” have been debated for centuries by political theorists and philosophers. The definition of representation you choose to use is influenced by the form of representation you consider most appropriate. Given different forms of representation, legislators can react in different ways. Representation also operates at two different levels: national and local. This response will explore the concept of “representation,” the different forms it can take and how it is practiced, as well as the potential for future research on representation. “Representation” can be defined in many ways. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, representation is “a method or process that enables a constituency to influence government legislation and policy through its chosen deputies.” According to the Oxford Dictionary, “representation” is the act of speaking or acting on someone's behalf. Some of the early philosophers and political theorists who wrote about representation include Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Thomas Hobbes discussed the concept of "implied agreement" in his book, Leviathan, in 1651. He argued that people agreed to give power to a sovereign, who would then be responsible for making and enforcing laws in order to ensure a peaceful society ( Hobbes 1996). Hanna Pitkin (1967) stated in her work that Hobbes made it clear that the central part of the document is considered important for the representative's work, such as personal integrity, the ability to work with other leaders, understanding of issues, ability to solve problems , ability to stay connected to the district, and legislative outcomes, and found that high-quality incumbents are rewarded at the ballot box (Stone et al. 2010). There are interesting avenues for future research on representation. Researchers could examine Fenno's constituencies more empirically, or examine how responsive representatives are to different types of voters. Researchers could also expand Miller and Stokes' study to examine reactivity levels in different problem areas over a longer period of time. Furthermore, there appear to be inconsistent findings on the effects of gerrymandering on representation. This is an important question that should be explored in more detail.