"There are more things in heaven and earth than you dreamed in your philosophy" (Shakespeare, 211). This quote from The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare presents an interesting idea. This suggests that in our modern philosophy we have not even begun to scratch the surface of what causes the nature of the things around us. Our philosophy is centered on the idea of cause and effect. If a person realizes it, every point of view he holds is based on a cause and/or its effect. There is nothing necessarily wrong with this, but most people don't bother to analyze what the true connection is between a cause and its effect. David Hume does an exceptional job of presenting a point of view that many people don't consider at all. It asks what this connection is and what makes us immediately impose this connection. If all our discoveries are based on causes and their effects, and yet we do not fully understand the connection between the latter, then how can we presume to believe our discovery is absolutely certain? Perhaps this is partly what Shakespeare was alluding to in the above-mentioned quote. Hume's exploration of the question of cause and effect is an excellent tool to use in understanding the possibilities and limitations of our "material" knowledge. Hume begins his article by pointing out that human beings are essentially ignorant of the world around them. Everything we understand is based on someone else's discoveries or research. Hume points out that on his own, without prior input or experience, Adam would not have been able to look at the ocean and say "Damn, I might be suffocated by that water." Although we now know from experience that fire can burn us and water can drown us, Hume suggests that we should try to get rid of the ignorance of what the relationship between cause and effect is. He carefully points out that whenever we think we truly understand the nature of an object, we are simply describing that object with all the detail and precision available to us. This idea is interesting because it leads to the question of whether our most precious scientific truths are actually viable. In science classes, instructors emphasize the importance of determining causality. The modern scientific method allows for many ways to describe every imaginable characteristic of something.
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