California is one of the largest producers of agricultural commodities in the United States. As a result, there has always been a demand for more labor to meet the required quantity. To meet the demand for labor, workers from Mexico or other countries south of the U.S. border illegally crossed the border into California, hoping to find work. In other cases, citizens of other countries will apply for visas in the United States and then overstay their visas. These workers become undocumented migrant workers, wandering from farm to farm, hoping they can earn enough money to send home. Farmers hire these workers and illegally pay them in cash. A recent report by Leon F. Bouvier states that “since 1979, legal immigrants have averaged 566,000 per year; newly arrived refugees approved averaged 135,000; and the population of “established” illegal immigrants could grow to half a million a year. Many illegal immigrants have entered the United States legally and then overstayed their visas, and there has also been a sharp increase in illegal border crossings from Mexico and Central America.” (Bouvier 3) There are also many extraneous costs that come with hiring undocumented migrant workers. There needs to be more border control, more workers to enforce U.S. policy, and new legislation to be introduced to offset the growing population of illegal immigrants in California. These immigrants are not legal residents or citizens of the United States; instead, they work and live illegally in California, earning wages far below the standard legal minimum wage. On average, an undocumented migrant worker from Mexico working in the agricultural sector in California will earn about $4.54 an hour. However,… half of the paper… from Eynesianism to neoliberalism: a paradigm shift in economics. Pluto Press, 2005.Palermo, Juan Vicente. “A season in the life of a migrant farm worker in California.” Western Journal of Medicine 157.3 (1992): 362.Palerm, Juan Vicente. “Immigrant and Migrant Farm Workers in the Santa Maria Valley, California.” (2006).Porter, Eduardo. “Illegal Immigrants Are Bolstering Social Security with Billions.” New York Times 5 (2005): A3l.Preston, Julia. “Ilegal Workers Swept from Jobs in 'Silent Raid'.” New York Times (2010).Sumner, Daniel, José E. Bervejillo, and Nicolai V. Kuminoff. "The Extent of California Agriculture and Its Importance in the State's Economy." California Agriculture: Dimensions and Issues (2003). Vergati, Jessica A. and Daniel A. Sumner. “Contributions of Agriculture to Employment and the Economy in Southern California." (2012).
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